Peripheral neuropathy is damage to the nerves that carry signals between your brain and spinal cord and the rest of your body. When those nerves are injured the signal degrades, which is what produces the burning, tingling, numbness and weakness most patients describe. It usually starts in the feet or hands and works inward.
Diabetes is the most common cause. Chemotherapy, physical injury, autoimmune conditions, B12 deficiency and long-term alcohol use also damage peripheral nerves, and in a meaningful share of cases no single cause is ever identified.
Standard treatment is usually gabapentin, pregabalin or duloxetine. Those medications can dull the pain signal, but they don’t address the nerve damage producing it, and many patients find the side effects difficult to live with over years.